Theories of justice are bound to look at the future when it comes to outline the requirements of justice. Intergenerational concerns that have been aggravated by environmental problems and natural resource depletion have brought out new issues including the realm, pattern, and criterion of intergenerational justice. Although Dworkin has not discussed independently about intergenerational justice, the theory of EQUALITY in resources, providing uniform images of values of human societies such as justice, has the capability to respond to these issues. The principles of independence and Interpretation of values, together with the specific interpretation of rights, make it possible provide the theory of intergenerational EQUALITY of resources using the deconstruction method. This theory is individualistic considering all future generations along with preserving the human dignity of everyone. This goal is achieved by observing the two principles: first, it must show equal concern for the fate of every person throughout the ages. Second, it must respect equally the personal responsibilities of each person towards their lives.

Ferdowsinameh is a three-volume collection and contains narratives about Ferdowsi, the heroes of Shahnameh, some non-epic stories, and a number of narrations about the living places of the narrators whose names have been mentioned in Shahnameh. Until now, the general opinion of researchers in the field of epic literature of Iran is that these stories are oral. Referring to written sources, this study showed that most of these narrations are taken from written sources and most of the people who sent these narrations to Anjavi Shirazi for inclusion, wrote down their stories from some written sources. Their main source is prose Shahnamehs that became popular from the Safavid era and can be found in almost every village. By examining and searching the written sources and the evidence in the narratives themselves, this study showed that about 69% of  narratives of this collection have a written source, 12% are non-epic and have no strong connection with Ferdowsi and Shahnameh (except for the names), some of these narrations are taken from written sources and some others cannot have a written source. Only 19% of the entire of the collection do not have a written source and they are considered folk oral stories that never need to be written down

Introduction: Nurses have a special position in hospitals due to their specialized, valuable and stressful job. Gender inEQUALITY together with the concerns about health inequalities need attention. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate gender EQUALITY among nurses in Fars province of Iran and to provide solutions to improve gender EQUALITY. Methods: This quantitative-qualitative study was conducted in 2020. In the quantitative phase, the study population included all nurses employed in public and private hospitals of Fars province as well as all nursing students at Fars universities during 2011-2018. In the qualitative phase, 16 semi-structured interviews were conducted. Using SPSS version 23. 0, the quantitative data was analyzed by applying descriptive statistics and Chi-squared test. Qualitative data were analyzed with Max QDA by using the framework method. Results: The majority of hospital nurses (79. 81%) and nursing students (65. 86%) were female. There were statistically significant relationships between gender and hospital, the type of employment, university, and the type of degree (P=0. 00). In addition, 3 main themes including culture building, nursing education and employment as well as 17 sub-themes were identified to improve gender EQUALITY among nurses. Conclusion: Fars province faces challenges such as gender inEQUALITY among nurses and the shortage of male nurses. It is essential to invest in the development and implementation of strategies and executive solutions for raising and maintaining the prestige of nursing profession and training qualified nurses with a focus on creating healthcare job opportunities for men and women equally.

The notion of a positive implicative EQUALITY algebras are defined, and related properties are studied. Characterizations of a positive implicative EQUALITY algebra is investigated. Conditions for an EQUALITY algebra to be positive implicative are provided. EQUALITY algebra with some types is considered, and several properties are investigated. Using EQUALITY algebra with some types, we characterize a commutative EQUALITY algebra and a positive implicative algebra.

This study applies the Rao decomposition method to the Iranian households income data for both urban and rural areas.Examining the role of different income components in the aggregated income, helps to evaluate the effects of economic growth on income distribution. It also leads to have a better selection of the redistribution policies.The results show that the most important factor in income inEQUALITY stems from self-employment income. One reason for that is the tax avoidance in this sector.Wages and salaries in the public sector is another import factor of income inEQUALITY. This is because of a monopolistic condition in public employment. The elasticity of the Gini coefficient with respect to self employment is greater than other components. So, any growth strategy intending to increase self-employment or expanding the public employment level should be accompanied by redistribution policy to improve the inEQUALITY or at least prevent it from getting worse.

Background: Rafsanjan -Noogh- Anar's plain (54°,52'- 56°, 34' longitudinally & 29°,51'- 31°, 31' latitudinally) is one of the Iran's plains located in sub- basin of Daranjir desert. Anar's plain is located at the lowest part of Rafsanjan -Noogh- Anar's plain. According to the geological and field studies of the area, the presence of west and east mounts and deposits resulting from evaporation in lower parts of the area are indicative of boron contamination of Anar underground water. Methods: In the present study, 50 deep wells covering Anar plain were selected based on statistical methods. Boron concentration in each well was measured by Azomethine- H method in the middle of each season, from 2003 to 2007. Results: Comparing the obtained boron concentrations with WHO guidelines, Anar underground water is not safe for drinking (mean= 8.88 mg/L). In major part of the plain, the quality of water is not suitable for the growth of plants that are sensitive and unresisting to boron. Only in 17.1% of the samples boron concentration was between 0.7-3 mg/L that based on the guidelines of Food and Agriculture Organization is suitable for some types of plants. Field studies about the area flora confirm the obtained results too. Changes in the quality of underground water during the years of study, showed a worsening process over time. Conclusion: To solve the problem, mixing of the water of low boron wells with high boron wells is recommended.

In some point of view, neither Michel Foucault nor Ibn Khaldun are considered philosophers in the conventional classifications, but both are very  important in intellectual and, of course, in philosophical contexts, especially for those who are interested in the deep study of human life from the perspective of political thought.The main concern of two thinkers, one in the 14th century, the other in the 20th century, is the issue  of power, although neither of them provided a precise definition of it. In this article, an attempt has been made to show the place of power and domination in the political thought of both thinkers by examining the thoughts of two thinkers. And in search of an answer to this question, how did Asabiyyah and industry of religion in Ibn Khaldun's thought and social control through self-technology and discipline in Foucault's thought lead to the expansion of the domination of power? This article is written by analytically comparing the opinions of two thinkers based on Ibn Khaldun's most important book called Muqaddimah and Foucault's late works

In this paper, first we define the notion of involutive operator on bounded involutive EQUALITY algebras and by using it, we introduce a new class of EQUALITY algebras that we called it a tense like EQUALITY algebra. Then we investigate some properties of tense like EQUALITY algebra. For two involutive bounded EQUALITY algebras and an EQUALITY homomorphism between them, we prove that the tense like EQUALITY algebra structure can be transfer by this EQUALITY homomorphism. Specially, by using a bounded involutive EQUALITY algebra and quotient structure of it, we construct a quotient tense like EQUALITY algebra. Finally, we investigate the relation between tense like EQUALITY algebras and tense MV-algebras.

One of the most frequent rules in various areas of demonstrative jurisprudence of Two Major Sects of Islam religion is a rule that is known among Shīʿa as “tolerance in the evidence of traditions” (Arabic: التسامح فی أدلّة السنن) and in Sunnī as “latitudinarianism in documents” (Arabic: التساهل فی أسانید). Believers in the general application of this rule have based it for reasons such as consensus (Arabic: إجماع), tradition famous through practice (Arabic: الشهرة العملیّة), and rational judgement (intellectual judgement) and a group of aḥādīth (Arabic: أحادیث, plural form for ḥadīth, literally “talk” or “discourse”) called “Akhbar-e- Man Balagh” (Arabic: أخبار من بلغ). The understanding of the aforementioned narrations and the extent of application of this rule has caused a conflict of opinions among scholars. The narrations containing the excellences of suras of the Holy Book of Quran is one of the fields of application of the rule of tolerance. The present research has explained the types of exposure to this group of narrations based on the rule of tolerance by using descriptive-exploratory method and using library sources and seeks to find a suitable approach about narrations of the excellences of suras (chapters) of the Holy Book of Quran. The interaction with these narrations is organized based on a special reading of the rule of tolerance in the selected approach, which is based on a rational interpretation of the contents of Man-Balagh (Arabic: من بلغ)’s narrations and is compatible with the indications of some verses and traditions. The use of weak narrations containing the excellences of suras (chapters) will be permissible based on this approach considering three conditions and without any certainty of attributing these narrations to Sharʿ (Islamic rules).